LL37

A single-component research material supplied for controlled research environments. LL-37 is a synthetic cathelicidin-derived peptide used in research exploring innate immunity, antimicrobial pathways, and wound-healing models in controlled systems.

• LL-37
• Appearance: Lyophilized powder in a sealed research vial

$120.00

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These compounds are intended for in-vitro research use only and are not approved for human or veterinary use, consumption, or therapeutic application.

Research Focus

Research Focus

  • Characterization of LL-37 in antimicrobial activity assays
  • Studies on immune modulation and inflammatory pathway signaling
  • Evaluation in cell culture and tissue models related to epithelial repair
  • Stability and solubility profiling under laboratory storage conditions
LL-37 (human cathelicidin) is a pleiotropic host-defense peptide that functions beyond direct antimicrobial activity by tuning innate immune signaling (including TLR pathways), shaping cytokine output, and supporting barrier integrity and tissue repair. Across infection and inflammation models, LL-37 can enhance antimicrobial defenses while also dampening excessive inflammatory signaling depending on context, cell type, and concentration. It is also implicated in wound re-epithelialization, neutrophil functional programming, and emerging regenerative signaling (including osteogenic differentiation in preclinical systems). A modern Frontiers review consolidates these immunomodulatory mechanisms—particularly how cathelicidins affect TLR activation and downstream immune responses. Frontiers+3OUP Academic+3ScienceDirect+3

Key Evidence & Links

  1. Innate immunomodulation & TLR signaling balance
    Mookherjee N, et al. Journal of Immunology (2006) — LL-37 modulates TLR-mediated inflammatory responses to endotoxin and other TLR agonists. OUP Academic
    https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-abstract/176/4/2455/8034371

  2. Wound healing / re-epithelialization (human wound context)
    Heilborn JD, et al. Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2003) — LL-37 is involved in re-epithelialization of human skin wounds and is reduced in chronic ulcer epithelium. ScienceDirect+1
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15301913
    (alt PDF) https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82358540.pdf

  3. Infection models / in vivo protection against invasive bacterial infection
    Nizet V, et al. Nature (2001) — genetic + infection modeling supports cathelicidin’s role in protection against invasive bacterial skin infection (mouse CRAMP/human LL-37 context). Europe PMC
    https://europepmc.org/article/MED/11719807

  4. Inflammation regulation via neutrophil functional programming
    Alalwani MS, et al. European Journal of Immunology (2010) — LL-37 decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine release from stimulated human neutrophils while influencing host-defense functions. Europe PMC
    https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/2908514

  5. Bone / regenerative signaling (osteogenic differentiation in preclinical models)
    LL-37 promotes bone marrow stromal cell proliferation/migration and osteogenic differentiation (preclinical). ScienceDirect
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001448271830572X

  6. Comprehensive overview (2020 review consolidating host defense + inflammatory signaling, incl. TLR effects)
    Frontiers in Immunology (2020) — Review on how cathelicidins (including LL-37) modulate TLR activation and inflammation during infection and sterile inflammation. Frontiers
    https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01137/full

All research peptides offered are manufactured using a lyophilization (freeze-drying) process,
which is designed to enhance stability during storage and transport. When stored appropriately,
lyophilized materials are generally stable at room temperature for extended periods prior to reconstitution.

Lyophilized (Unreconstituted) Material

  • Store vials away from heat, moisture, and direct light.
  • For short-term storage, refrigeration at approximately 4°C (39°F) is suitable.
  • For long-term storage (months to years), vials may be stored in a freezer at approximately −80°C (−112°F).
  • Freezing is the preferred method for preserving stability over extended storage durations.

Reconstituted Material

  • Once reconstituted using appropriate laboratory-grade solvents, materials should be stored refrigerated.
  • Under refrigerated conditions, reconstituted material is commonly considered stable for up to 30 days,
    depending on solvent choice, concentration, handling, and experimental conditions.
  • Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles, as these may impact material integrity.

About Lyophilization

Lyophilization is a dehydration process in which compounds are frozen and exposed to reduced pressure,
allowing ice to sublimate directly from solid to vapor. This process results in a dry, crystalline structure
that enhances stability prior to reconstitution.

⚠️ Important Notice: These materials are intended for research and laboratory use only.
Not for human or veterinary use, consumption, or application.

99%+ Purity

Third-Party Lab Tested

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Frequently Asked Questions

Essential information about our research-grade peptides and quality standards.

What are research peptides?

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, typically consisting of 2-50 amino acids. They serve as the building blocks of proteins and play crucial roles in biological processes.

Research peptides are synthesized versions of naturally occurring peptides, manufactured to precise specifications for use in scientific studies.

Key characteristics: High purity (≥99%), lyophilized form for stability, accompanied by Certificates of Analysis (COA), and manufactured under strict quality control protocols.

Peptide purity refers to the percentage of the target peptide present in a sample, measured via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Our Standard: All our research peptides maintain ≥99% purity, verified by third-party laboratory testing and documented in our Certificates of Analysis.

Higher purity is critical for research because impurities can interfere with experimental results and compromise the reproducibility of studies.

We maintain rigorous quality control through a multi-step verification process:

  • HPLC Analysis: Every batch tested to verify ≥99% purity
  • Mass Spectrometry: Molecular weight confirmation for peptide identity
  • Third-Party Testing: Independent laboratory verification
  • Sterility Protocols: Aseptic handling and packaging procedures
  • Batch Documentation: Complete traceability from synthesis to delivery

“Research Use Only” (RUO) is a classification indicating that a product is intended exclusively for laboratory research and experimental investigation.

All orders are shipped with research-grade handling protocols:

  • Packaging: Insulated containers with cold packs when required
  • Carriers: USPS Priority Mail
  • Processing: Orders placed before 12 PM EST ship same business day
  • Tracking: Full tracking information provided via email

We stand behind every product:

  • Quality guarantee: Full replacement or refund if products don’t meet stated specifications
  • Shipping issues: Free replacement for damaged or lost shipments
  • Unopened returns: Accepted within 30 days for store credit
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